Injection of gases into the stratosphere by explosive volcanic eruptions

Injection of gases into the stratosphere by explosive volcanic eruptions

[1] Explosive eruptions can inject large amounts of volcanic gases into the stratosphere. These gases may be scavenged by hydrometeors within the eruption column, and high uncertainties remain regarding the proportion of volcanic gases, which eventually reach the stratosphere. These are caused by the difficulties of directly sampling explosive volcanic eruption columns and by the lack of labora...

The Generation of Internal Waves by Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

Recent observations have shown that explosive volcanic eruptions can generate low frequency surface pressure signals that are observable with microbarographs, and can be interpreted as atmospheric internal waves (Baines & Sacks 2013). Some examples from the Caribbean island of Montserrat are shown in Figure 1. Suitably interpreted, it is possible that these observations may give information abo...

Phase equilibria trigger for explosive volcanic eruptions

[1] A mechanism for explosive volcanic eruptions based on multicomponent phase equilibria modelling of four explosive volcanic systems is proposed. In each system, either isochoric or isobaric crystallization, where either crystals or crystals and exsolved fluid are chemically fractionated from melt, leads inevitably to near-solidus dynamical instability culminating in violent explosive eruptio...

The frequency of explosive volcanic eruptions in Southeast Asia

There are ~750 active and potentially active volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Ash from eruptions of volcanic explosivity index 3 (VEI 3) and smaller pose mostly local hazards while eruptions of VEI ≥ 4 could disrupt trade, travel, and daily life in large parts of the region. We classify Southeast Asian volcanoes into five groups, using their morphology and, where known, their eruptive history and d...

Volcanic Eruptions